GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module accelerates corm dormancy release by reducing endogenous ABA under cold storage in Gladiolus.

Gladiolus hybridus is one of the most popular flowers worldwide. However, its corm dormancy characteristic largely limits its off-season production. Long-term cold treatment (LT), which increases sugar content and reduces abscisic acid (ABA), is an efficient approach to accelerate corm dormancy release (CDR). Here, we identified a GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module that mediates the antagonism between sugars and ABA during CDR. We showed that sugars promoted CDR by reducing ABA levels in Gladiolus. Our data demonstrated that GhbZIP30 transcription factor directly binds the GhCCCH17 zinc finger promoter and activates its transcription, confirmed by yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). GhCCCH17 is a transcriptional activator, and its nuclear localisation is altered by surcose and cytokinin treatments. Both GhbZIP30 and GhCCCH17 positively respond to LT, sugars, and cytokinin treatments. Silencing GhbZIP30 or GhCCCH17 resulted in delayed CDR by regulating ABA metabolic genes, while their overexpression promoted CDR. Taken together, we propose that the GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module is involved in cold- and glucose-induced CDR by regulating ABA metabolic genes.

Construction of a 3D finite element model of temporomandibular joints including the musculoskeletal system / 医用生物力学

Objective To discuss the feasibility of constructing a 3D finite element model of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) including the musculoskeletal system based on imaging and anatomy, and to provide new ideas of modeling for TMJ biomechanical researches. Methods CT images of the skull, MRI images of masticatory muscles and bilateral TMJ from No.23 Chinese virtual human in the second generation were collected and imported in batches into Mimics in format of DICOM for 3D reconstruction. Then the model was integrated and optimized by Geomagic Studio, and the TMJ capsule and articular cartilage were also constructed. After the material properties of TMJ tissues were defined, a 3D finite element model of TMJ including the musculoskeletal system was finally constructed by ANSYS. Results The 3D finite element model of TMJ with the musculoskeletal system was constructed, including TMJ disc, articular cartilage, TMJ capsule, maxilla (including zygoma and nasal), mandible, sphenoid, temporal bones (including part of parietal), maxillary teeth, mandibular teeth, temporalis muscles, masseter muscles, medial/lateral pterygoid muscles, temporomandibular ligaments, sphenomandibular ligaments and sylomandibular ligaments. Conclusions Based on CT and MRI images and anatomy, the 3D finite element model of TMJ including the musculoskeletal system can be precisely and feasibly constructed by Mimics, Geomagic Studio and ANSYS. This model can restore the biomechanical environment of the TMJ, provide new ideas of modeling for biomechanical researches on the TMJ, and offer the simulation platform for visualization treatment of TMJ disease in clinic.

Application of MRI in indirect temporomandibular joint injury without condylar fracture / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the application of MRI in indirect temporomandibular joint injury without condylar fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MRI examination on temporomandibular joint was conducted in 28 patients with indirect injury to temporomandibular joint without condylar fracture. The scanning sequence included T(1)WI, PDWI on oblique sagittal section at both open and closed mouth positions, and T(1)WI, T(2)WI on oblique coronal section. The MRI appearance was analyzed by 2 senior radiologists.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 56 temporomandibular joints of 28 patients, 35 joints exhibited pathological changes on MRI, in which there were 9 bone injuries, 21 articular disc dislocation, 24 intracapsular hematocele and hydrops.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MRI can clearly reveal bone injury, articular disc dislocation as well as articular capsule abnormality in the indirect injury of temporomandibular joint without condylar fracture. It is highly advocated in clinical use.</p>

Identification and classification in le fort type fractures by using 2D and 3D computed tomography / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the usefulness of two- dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) in the identification and classification of Le Fort type fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two patients with different types of Le Fort fractures underwent CT scanning and 3D-CT reconstruction. The data were analyzed by multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), surface shaded display (SSD) and volume rendering (VR) respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients with Le Fort I, Le Fort II fracture and Le Fort III fracture accounted for 16.1%, 14.5% and 12.9% respectively. The compound fractures were the most common type and accounted for 56.5% (n=35, 18 cases with Le Fort I+II fracture, 10 cases with Le Fort II+III fracture and 7 cases with Le Fort I+ II+III fracture). Fifty-five cases coexisted with other fractures in maxillofacial region. 2D-CT could be used to define the tiny fractures and the deep-structure fractures more accurately compared with 3D-CT, but the real impression of Le Fort type fractures could not be correctly evaluated on 2D-CT. 3D-CT could clearly demonstrate the whole shape of Le Fort type fractures and identify the classification of Le Fort fractures.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>3D-CT is the best imaging method for the diagnosis of Le Fort type fractures and can provide valuable information of space relationship, especially for the design of treatment plan before operation.</p>

A finite element analysis system for two-demension morphological analysis of the soft tissue in orthognathic surgery / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate a finite element method (FEM) for analysis of the cranial-facial morphology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The two-dimensional finite element analysis system was established and used to analysis the lateral side morphology of the soft tissue by the change of each finite unit of the soft tissue in a X-ray cranial-facial lateral cepholometrics film.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The finite element analysis system was showing very well in the figures and data made by the system.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Finite element analysis system may be a good supplement of the traditional X-ray cephalometrics to the soft tissue of orthognatics.</p>

CT evaluation and classification of the Le Fort fracture / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the CT findings and classification of the Le Fort fracture. Methods Sixty-two cases with Le Fort fractures were studied with thin-slice high-resolution CT scanning and analyzed with three-dimensional(3D)imaging reconstruction.Results Of the 62 patients,10 had Le Fort type Ⅰ fracture,9 had Le Fort type Ⅱ fracture,8 had Le Fort type Ⅲ fracture,and 35 had various combinations of the three types of Le Fort fractures,including 18 Le Fort Ⅰ+Ⅱ fracture,7 Le Fort Ⅰ+ Ⅱ+Ⅲ fracture and 10 Le Fort Ⅱ+Ⅲ fracture.Fifty-five cases had associated multiple fractures in the maxillofacial region.On 2D CT images,Le Fort fracture manifested as multiple and complex fractures. Though 2D image was better than 3D image in accurately defining tiny fractures and fractures of deep structures,the diagnosis of Le Fort fracture could not be correctly made solely on 2D image.3D CT clearly and stereoscopically demonstrated the entire shape and orientation of Le Fort fracture,thus facilitating the correct classification of Le Fort fracture.Conclusion 3D CT image is important in providing information about the space relationship of Le Fort fracture,thus very valuable for the preoperative planning.